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====== Summer School: “People in the Digital Age” (Digital Prosopography) ======
 
Monday, 06. July 2020, 10:00 - Friday, 10. July 2020, 15:00 

The summer school introduces humanists of any disciplinary affiliation with basic computer literacy in digital tools, and how to create and analyse prosopographical data. ([[https://www.oeaw.ac.at/acdh/detail/event/summer-school-people-in-the-digital-age-digital-prosopography/|read more]])



==== Talks by Francesco Beretta ====

The contents of this page and slides are published under [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License]] except for quoted texts and graphics to which the rights of the respective authors apply.

  * {{:fairdata:beretta_modelling_historical_information.pdf|Slides of the talks}}
  * YouTube Videos:
    * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYjxV-D78VM|Data modelling IV: Historical information and foundational ontologies]]
    * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W91sOnDS4VI|Data modelling V: Exploring and extending the CIDOC CRM]] 

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==== Data modelling IV: Historical information and foundational ontologies ====


Modelling prosopographical data and making them re-usable for new research agendas according to the FAIR principles requires an in-depth analysis on how to develop an interoperable conceptualization in the field of historical research. After introducing the symogih.org project’s patterns-based ontology approach, we’ll analyse the role that factual information plays in the process of historical knowledge production. We’ll then develop an epistemological and semantic analysis of conceptual data modelling based on the foundational ontologies Constructive Descriptions and Situations and DOLCE, and discuss the reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology in the field of historical research.

=== The FAIR principles ===

  * Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, Ijsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. “[[https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618|The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship]].” Scientific Data 3 (March 15, 2016): 160018.
  * Go FAIR – [[https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/|FAIR Principles]]

=== Ontology ===

  * [Staab 2009] Steffen Staab, ed. //Handbook on ontologies//, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
  * [Domingue et al. 2011] John Domingue, Dieter Fensel, James A. Hendler, ed. //Handbook of semantic web technologies//. Berlin: Springer, 2011.
  * [[http://www.semantic-web-journal.net|Semantic web journal]]


=== DIKW Pyramid ===

  * Rowley J. E. (2007). The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of Information Sci ence 33(2), p. 163–180.


=== The symogih.org project ===

  * [[http://symogih.org/?q=type-of-knowledge-unit-classes-tree|symogih.org project's modelling patterns]]
  * [[http://symogih.org/?q=node/81&lang=en|SPARQL Endpoint]]


  * Beretta F. (2014). Exploration du site web scholasticon.fr : une application de la méthode SyMoGIH (Système modu- laire de gestion de l'information historique). La prosopographie au service des sciences sociales. Lyon, CEROR, p.289-310.
  * Beretta F., « [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01505635v1|Pour une annotation sémantique des textes : le projet symogih.org et la Text encoding initiative]] », Bruniana e Campanelliana, Ricerche filosofiche e materiali storico - testuali, XXII-2, 2016, pp. 453-465.
  * Beretta F., « [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01559816v1|L'interopérabilité des données historiques et la question du modèle : l'ontologie du projet SyMoGIH]] », dans Brigitte Juanals et Jean-Luc Minel (dir.), Enjeux numériques pour les médiations scientifiques et culturelles du passé, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre, 2017.
  * Beretta F., "[[http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/challenge-historical-research-making-data-fair-using-collaborative-ontology-management-0|A challenge for historical research: making data FAIR using a collaborative ontology management environment (OntoME)]]", SWJ. Semantic Web – Interoperability, Usability, Applicability (submitted 30 June 2020, accepted 3 September 2020)



  * Marie Delcourte-Debarre, « [[http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/12/1/000367/000367.html|Analyser les emboîtements d’échelles spatio-temporelles d’un territoire forestier : du système d’information géographique à la méthode SyMoGIH (Avesnois, France)]]  », DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly, XII-1, 2018.
  * Francesco Beretta, Rosemonde Letricot. "[[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01818225|The XML Portal for the symogih.org project]]". Gérald Kembellec; Evelyne Broudoux (ed). //Reading and writing knowledge in scientific communities//. Digital humanities and knowledge construction, ISTE Editions. 2017, p.115-134.

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=== Epistemological backgroud ===


  * Schweikard, David P. and Hans Bernhard Schmid, "[[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/collective-intentionality/#WhaColAboColInt|Collective Intentionality]]", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 Edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/collective-intentionality/>. 
  * Frigg, Roman and Stephan Hartmann, "[[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/models-science/|Models in Science]]", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/models-science/>. 
  * Evandro Agazzi, //Scientific objectivity and its contexts// (Cham: Springer, 2014).
  * Evandro Agazzi (ed.), //Varieties of scientific realism : objectivity and truth in science// (Cham: Springer, 2017).




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=== Formalization ===


== Modelling: object-oriented (UML) or OWL/RDF ? ==

  * Holger Knublauch et al., « [[https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/SE/ODSD/|A Semantic Web Primer for Object-Oriented Software Developers – W3C Editor’s Draft]] », 9 mars 2006, .
  * Hong-Seok Na, O-Hoon Choi, et Jung-Eun Lim, « [[https://doi.org/10.1007/11912873_43|A Metamodel-Based Approach for Extracting Ontological Semantics from UML Models]]. », in Web Information Systems - WISE 2006, 7th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Wuhan, China, October 23-26, 2006, Proceedings, 2006, 411‑22.


== OWL and Description Logic ==

  * Franz Baader. //The description logic handbook : theory, implementation, and applications//, 2nd ed. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  * Markus Krötzsch, Frantisek Simancik, et Ian Horrocks, « [[http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4089|A Description Logic Primer]] », arXiv:1201.4089 [cs], 3 juin 2013.
  * Harald Sack, "4.3 Classes, Instances and Properties in OWL". [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXw-P7H2rOQ&list=PLoOmvuyo5UAcBXlhTti7kzetSsi1PpJGR&index=39|Knowledge Engineering with Semantic Web Technologies]], OpenHPI Tutorials, 2019



=== DOLCE ===

  * [[http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/overview.html|DOLCE - WonderWeb]]
  * Masolo, C., Borgo, S., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Ol- tramari, A. (2003). WonderWeb Deliverable D18 Ontology Library (final), Trento, Laboratory For Applied Ontology.
  * Borgo S., Masolo C. (2009). Foundational Choices in DOLCE. Handbook on Ontologies. Berlin/Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, p. 361-381.


=== Descriptions and situations – DnS ===

  * Gangemi A., Mika P. (2003). Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations. On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2003: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE. Berlin/Heidelberg, Springer, p. 689-706.
  * Bottazzi E., Catenacci C., Gangemi A., Lehmann J.(2006). From collective intentionality to intentional collectives: An ontological perspective. Cognitive Systems Re- search 7 (2-3), p. 192-208.
  * Gangemi A., Lehmann J., Catenacci C. (2008). Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 17, p. 70-112.




=== DLP / DUL ===

  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dlp|DOLCE Light Plus]] – DLP (version 3.9.7)
  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/|DOLCE Ultra Light]] – DUL 
  * Gangemi A., Presutti V. (2016). Dolce+D&S Ultralite and its main ontology design patterns. Ontology Engineer- ing with Ontology Design Patterns. Amsterdam, IOS Press, p. 81–103.
  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org|Ontology Design Patterns]]




=== CIDOC CRM ===

  * Doerr M. (2003). The CIDOC CRM. An Ontological Ap- proach to Semantic Interoperability of Metadata. AI Magazine vol. 24, number 3, p.75-92.
  * Doerr M., Hunter J., Lagoze C. (2003). Towards a Core Ontology for Information Integration, Journal of Digital In- formation 4(1).
  * Stephen Stead (2008). [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm-tutorial|The CIDOC CRM, a Standard for the Integration of Cultural Information CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Special Interest Group ICS-FORTH]], Crete, Greece November.
  * Doerr M. (2009). Ontologies for Cultural Heritage. Handbook on ontologies. 2nd ed., Berlin, Springer, p. 463-486.
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/Version/version-6.2.1|CIDOC CRM 6.2.1]] – Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, Produced by the ICOM/CIDOC Documentation Standards Group, Continued by the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group Version 6.2.1 October 2015 Current Main Editors: Patrick Le Boeuf, Martin Doerr, Christian Emil Ore, Stephen Stead, Contributors: Trond Aalberg, Detlev Balzer, Chryssoula Bekiari, Lina Boudouri, Nick Crofts, Gordon Dunsire, Øyvind Eide, Tony Gill, Günther Goerz, Monika Hagedorn-Saupe, Gerald Hiebel, Jon Holmen, Juha Inkari, Dolores Iorizzo, Juha Kotipelto, Siegfried Krause, Karl Heinz Lampe, Carlos Lamsfus, Jutta Lindenthal, Mika Nyman, Pat Riva, Lene Rold, Richard Smiraglia, Regine Stein, Matthew Stiff, Maja Žumer Copyright © 2003 ICOM/CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group
  * Doerr M., Meghini C. (2018). A first-order logic expres- sion of the CIDOC conceptual reference model . Interna- tional Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies 13 (2), p. 131-149.


== Time management in the CIDOC CRM ==

  * James F. Allen, « Towards a General Theory of Action and Time », Artificial Intelligence 23, nᵒ 2 (1 juillet 1984): 123‑54.
  * J. Holmen et Christian-Emil Ore (2010), « Deducing Event Chronology in a Cultural Heritage Documentation System », in Frischer, B., J. Webb Crawford and D. Koller (eds.), Making History Interactive. Oxford: Arcaeopress, 2010, 122‑129.


== Discovering and learning the CIDOC CRM ==

  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/versions-of-the-cidoc-crm|CIDOC CRM Versions]] (on official web site)
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/collaborations|Compatible models & Collaborations]]
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/tutorialPage|Tutorials]] – [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm-tutorial|Steve Stead, Tutorial 2008]]
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/functional-units|Functional Overview]]




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==== Data modelling V: Exploring and extending the CIDOC CRM ====

The CIDOC CRM (an ISO norm since 2006) has been defined as a “formal ontology intended to facilitate the integration, mediation and interchange of heterogeneous cultural heritage information” (Martin Doerr). Although there are significant intersections between the two fields of cultural heritage preservation in museums and historical research, the CRM has to be extended with some relevant, missing high-level classes in order to meet the needs of the latter. Furthermore, there is a need to enrich the ontology with the modelling patterns required for the fine-grained data production in all the different fields of historical research, and notably in prosopography. We will see how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME makes it possible to elaborate a communal and adaptive conceptualization of the domain. 


  * [[https://ontome.dataforhistory.org/classes-tree|Ontology Management Environment]] – OntoME
  * [[http://dataforhistory.org/|Data for History]] (Mailing list - Forum - Community meetings)
  * Francesco Beretta, Vincent Alamercery, Sebastiaan Derks, Lodewijk Petram, Jonas Schneider. [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02314003v1|Geohistorical FAIR data: data integration and Interoperability using the OntoME platform]], Time Machine Conference 2019, Oct. 2019, Dresden, Germany.
  * M.-O. Rousset, Francesco Beretta, Emmanuelle Perrin, Vincent Alamercery, Sébastien Durost et al.  [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02413859v1|HisArc-RDF: prototyping an operating chain, related to the Linked Open Data, on structurally and semantically heterogeneous archaeological data sets]]. Linked Pasts 5: Back to the (re)sources, Dec. 2019, Bordeaux, France.